Sphere 5.0 簡介
內容簡介
? 第一部分: vSphere5.0簡介
? 第二部分: vSphere5.0新功能介紹
? 第三部分: vSphere5.0授權介紹
第一部分
vSphere 5.0簡介
為什么需要虛擬化技術
? 1.數據中心的必然趨勢。 ? 2.節約資金（DHCP，DNS服務器）。 ? 3.節約空間。 ? 4.便于維護，提供高可用性。 ? 5.資源的合理利用。 ? 6.存儲技術更好的保障數據的安全性
vSphere5.0簡介
VMware vSphere 5 builds upon previous generations of VMware virtualization products, becoming an even more robust, scalable, and reliable server virtualization product. With dynamic resource controls（動態資源控制）, high availability（高可用性）, unprecedented fault tolerance features（容錯）, distributed resource management（分布式資源管理）, and backup tools （ 備份工具） included as part of the suite, IT administrators have all the tools they need to run an enterprise environment ranging from a few servers up to thousands of servers.（運行在企業級環境從幾臺服務器到幾千臺服務器）
產品與特性
1.VMware ESXi 2.VMware vCenter Server 3.vSphere Update Manager 4.VMware vSphere Client and vSphere Web Client 5.VMware vShield Zones 6.VMware vCenter Orchestrator 7.vSphere Virtual Symmetric Multi-Processing 8.vSphere vMotion and Storage vMotion 9.vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler 10.vSphere Storage DRS 11.Storage I/O Control and Network I/O Control 12.Profile-Driven Storage 13.vSphere High Availability 14.vSphere Fault Tolerance 15.vSphere Storage APIs for Data Protection and VMware Data Recovery
ESXi介紹
VMware ESXi, on the other hand, is the next generation of the VMware virtualization foundation.（下一代VMware虛擬化的基礎）Unlike VMware ESX, ESXi installs and runs without the Linux-based Service Console. This gives ESXi an ultralight footprint of approximately 70 MB. Despite the lack of the Service Console, ESXi provides all the same virtualization features that VMware ESX supported in earlier versions. Of course, ESXi 5 has been enhanced from earlier versions to support even more functionality。（從4.1以后，ESX就不再被使用了）
VMware vCenter Server vCenter Server, like Active Directory, is meant to provide a centralized
management utility for all ESX/ESXi hosts and their respective virtual machines.（和AD一樣中心的對Hosts的管理）
必須使用vCenter Server才能支持的特性: 1.virtual machine templates（虛擬機模版） 2.role-based access controls （基于角色的訪問控制） 3.fine-grained resource allocation controls （粒度的資源關聯控制） 4.VMware Vmotion （在線遷移） 5.VMware Distributed Resource Scheduler （分布式資源調度） 6.VMware High Availability （高可用性） 7.VMware Fault Tolerance （容錯） 8.Enhanced VMotion Compatibility (EVC) （增強vMotion兼容性） 9.Host profiles （主機腳本） 10.vNetwork Distributed Switches （分布式交換機） 11.Storage and Network I/O Control （存儲和網絡 I/O控制） 12.vSphere Storage DRS （存儲分布式資源調度）
VMware vCenter Update Manager
vSphere Update Manager is a plug-in for vCenter Server that helps users keep their ESXi hosts and select VMs patched with the latest updates. vSphere Update Manager provides the following functionality. （為ESXi主機打補丁）
1.Scans to identify systems that are not compliant with the latest updates （掃描并且確定沒有最新升級的系統） 2.User-defined rules for identifying out-of-date systems （用戶自定義規則來確定過時的系統） 3.Automated installation of patches for ESXi hosts （自動的為ESXi主機安裝補丁） 4.Full integration with other vSphere features like Distributed Resource Scheduler （完全與其它vSphere特性集成，例如DRS）
VMware vSphere and Web Client
vSphere Client can either directly connect to an ESXi host or to an instance of vCenter Server,the full set of management capabilities are only available when connecting the vSphere Client to vCenter Server. （既可以單獨管理ESXi主機，也可以管理vCenter，要獲取完整的管理能力需要使用vSphere Client連接vCenter） 還可以使用web client進行管理，但是web client只提供vSphere Client的部分功能。
VMware vShield Zones
vShield Zones builds upon vSphere's virtual networking functionality to add virtual firewall functionality（虛擬防火墻的功能）. vShield Zones allows vSphere administrators to see and manage the network traffic flows occurring on the virtual network switches. You can apply network security policies across entire groups of machines。
（對發生在虛擬網絡交換機上的流量進行觀察和管理，并且能夠運用網絡安全策略到一個組內的所有虛擬機） ?
VMware vCenter Orchestrator
Using vCenter Orchestrator, vSphere administrators can build automated workflows to automate a wide variety of tasks available within vCenter Server（構建自動化流程來自動完成各種vCenter任務）. The automated workflows you build using vCenter Orchestrator range from simple to complex. VMware also makes vCenter Orchestrator plug-ins to extend the functionality to include manipulating Microsoft Active Directory, Cisco's Unified Computing System (UCS), and VMware vCloud Director. This makes vCenter Orchestrator a powerful tool to use in building automated workflows in the virtualized data center. （VMware使用vCenter Orchestrator插件擴展功能，以操縱微軟活動目錄，Cisco UCS和VMware虛擬云產品。這讓Orchestrator成為一個功能強大的產品，在虛擬數據中心構建自動化流程）
vSMP技術介紹
The VMware Virtual Symmetric Multi-Processing (vSMP, or Virtual SMP) product allows virtual infrastructure administrators to construct virtual machines with multiple virtual processors. it is the technology that allows the use of multiple processors inside a VM. （讓虛擬機支持多處理器） ? ?
VMware vMotion and Storage vMotion
VMotion, also known as live migration（在線遷移）, is a feature of ESX/ESXi and vCenter Server that allows a running virtual machine to be moved from one physical host to another physical host without having to power off the virtual machine. This migration between two physical hosts occurs with no downtime and with no loss of network connectivity （沒有停機時間，網絡連接也不丟失）to the virtual machine. （用于主機維護，資源動態分配） Storage VMotion builds on the idea and principle of VMotion, further reducing planned downtime with the ability to move a virtual machine's storage while the virtual machine is still running （存儲的在線遷移，升級SAN時使用）
VMware DRS
VMware Distributed Resource Scheduler is a feature that aims to provide automatic distribution of resource utilization across multiple ESX/ESXi hosts that are configured in a cluster.
（在一個Cluster多個Hosts之間動態分配資源）
vSphere Storage DRS
vSphere Storage DRS, a major new feature of VMware vSphere 5,takes the idea of vSphere DRS and applies it to storage. Just as vSphere DRS helps to balance CPU and memory utilization across a cluster of ESXi hosts, Storage DRS helps balance storage capacity and storage performance across a cluster of datastores using mechanisms that echo those used by vSphere DRS. （均衡存儲的容量和存儲的性能在一個datastores集群內） I described vSphere DRS's feature called intelligent placement（智能的部署）, which utomates the placement of new VMs based on resource usage within an ESXi cluster. In the same fashion, Storage DRS has an intelligent placement function that automates the placement of VM virtual disks based on storage utilization. Storage DRS does this through the use of datastore clusters. When you create a new VM, you simply point it to a datastore cluster, and Storage DRS automatically places the VM's virtual disks on an appropriate datastore within that datastore cluster.（自動的部署VM到適當的存儲）
Storage I/O Control and Network I/O Control
Storage I/O Control allows vSphere administrators to assign relative priority to storage I/O as well as assign storage I/O limits to VMs. （指定VM存儲 I/O的優先級，也能對I/O進行限制）These settings are enforced cluster-wide; when an ESXi host detects storage congestion through an increase of latency beyond a user-configured threshold, it will apply the settings configured for that VM. The result is that Vmware administrators can ensure that the VMs that need priority access to storage resources get the resources they need. In vSphere 4.1, Storage I/O Control applied only to VMFS storage; vSphere 5 extends that functionality to NFS datastores. The same goes for Network I/O Control, but for network traffic on the physical NICs. As the widespread adoption of 10 Gigabit Ethernet continues, Network I/O Control provides VMware administrators a way to more reliably ensure that network bandwidth is properly allocated to VMs based on priority and limits.（使用priority和limits 來更好的關聯網絡帶寬到VM）
Profile-Driven Storage
With profile-driven storage, a new feature found in vSphere 5, vSphere administrators are able to use storage capabilities and VM storage profiles to ensure that VMs are residing on storage that is able to provide the necessary levels of capacity, performance, availability, and redundancy. （確保VM所在的存儲，有能力提供需要級別的容量，性能，高可用性和冗余）Profile-driven storage is built on two key components: 1.Storage capabilities, leveraging vSphere's storage awareness APIs（存儲能力，利用vSphere的存儲感知API） 2.VM storage profiles（VM存儲配置文件）
VMware High Availability
The VMware HA feature provides an automated process for restarting virtual machines that were running on an ESX/ESXi host at a time of complete server failure.（自動在新的主機上重啟VM，存在一定的停機時間）
VMware Fault Tolerance
VMware FT eliminates any downtime（FT沒有停機時間） in the event of a physical host failure. Using vLockstep technology, VMware FT maintains a mirrored secondary VM（在另外一個物理機器上維護一個鏡像的VM） on a separate physical host that is kept in lockstep with the primary VM. If the primary VM is running fails, the secondary VM can immediately step in and take over without any loss of connectivity. VMware FT will also automatically re-create the secondary (mirrored) VM on another host（如果主用VM出現故障，次要VM會立即接管所有任務，FT技術也會自動重新創建另外一個鏡像VM）
vSphere Storage APIs for Data Protection and VMware Data Recovery
VADP is a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) that backup vendors leverage in order to provide enhanced backup functionality of virtualized environments. VADP enables functionality like file-level backup and restore; support for incremental, differential, and full-image backups（VADP支持文件級別的備份和恢復，支持和增量，差異和完整的備份）; native integration with backup software; and support for multiple storage protocols. On its own, though, VADP is just a set of interfaces（VADP只是提供一個接口）, like a framework for making backups possible. You can't actually back up VMs with VADP. You'll need a VADP-enabled backup application. （你需要激活VADP功能的運用程序）There are a growing number of third-party backup applications that are designed to work with VADP, and Vmware also offers its own backup tool, VMware Data Recovery (VDR).VDR leverages VADP to provide a full backup solution for smaller Vmware vSphere（VDR使用VADP技術提供完整的備份解決方案，在較小的vSphere環境）
第二部分
vSphere 5.0新功能介紹
vSphere5.0新功能介紹（1）
平臺增強功能: 1.ESX將徹底成為歷史，只剩下ESXi。 2.VMware vSphere Auto Deploy,將會支持自動化部署ESXi系統（利用PXE技術實現Auto Depoly）。
新虛擬機功能: 1.32 路 Virtual SMP,ESXi 5.0 支持多達 32 個虛擬 CPU 的虛擬機。 2.支持1 TB 的虛擬機內存。 3.連接客戶端的 USB 設備。連接到運行 vSphere Web Client 或vSphere Client 的客戶端計算機的 USB 設備可以連接到虛擬機，并且在該虛擬機中可訪問這些設備,并支持USB 3.0 設備。
vSphere5.0新功能介紹（2）
存儲:
1.存儲 DRS。此功能提供了資源聚合、自動化初始放置以及避免存儲瓶頸的DRS 優勢。您可以將類似的數據存儲作為一個稱之為數據存儲群集的單一負載平衡存儲資源進行分組和管理。 2.VMFS5。VMFS5 是 vSphere 虛擬機文件系統的新版本，它改善了可擴展性和性能并提供國際化支持。使用 VMFS5，您可以在單個數據區上創建一個 64 TB 的數據存儲。 3.Storage I/O Control NFS 支持。 支持在NFS Volumes上實現StorageIO Control（SIOC）功能。 4.新增RDM 功能。
vSphere5.0新功能介紹（3）
網絡連接:
1. 增強的 Network I/O Control。支持基于VM的NIOC，可以針對每個VM實現網絡流量的QoS。 2. vSphere Distributed Switch 的改進。vSphere 5.0 可通過 Netflow 更深入地觀察虛擬機流量，并通過 SPAN 和CDP/ LLDP 增強監控和故障排除功能。 3. ESXi 防火墻。ESXi 5.0 管理接口由面向服務的無狀態防火墻保護，您可以使用 vSphere Client 或者 esxcli 命令行界面對其進行配置。新的防火墻引擎無需使用 iptable，并且規則集為每項服務定義了端口規則。
vSphere5.0新功能介紹（4）
VMware vCenter Server: 1.vSphere Web Client。它是 Linux 和 Windows 平臺都支持一種新的基于瀏覽器的用戶界面。在 5.0 版本中，vSphere Web Client 取代了 Web Access 產品。 2.增強的日志記錄支持。所有日志消息都由 syslog 生成，并且可以記錄在本地或一個或多個遠程日志服務器上。 3.vSphere HA。新功能（如使用共享存儲（heartbeat storages）作為備份通信通道）確保主機故障檢測更為可靠。 4.vSphere Data Recovery 2.0。隨著 Data Recovery 2.0 版本的發布，VMware 提高了備份擴展的速度和可靠性。
第三部分
vSphere 5.0授權介紹
vSphere5.0授權介紹（1）
VMware vCenter Server licenses
VMware vCenter Server Foundation supports the management of up to three vSphere hosts.（只能管理最多3個主機） VMware vCenter Server Standard, which includes all functionality and does not have preset limit on the number of vSphere hosts it can manage (although normal sizing limits apply). vCenter Orchestrator is only included in the Standard edition of vCenter Server. （沒有管理數量限制，Orchestrator只能在標準版的vCenter中使用）
vSphere5.0授權介紹（2）
VMware vSphere licenses （每CPU進行授權） vSphere Standard Edition: vRAM entitlement of 32 GB vSphere Enterprise Edition: vRAM entitlement of 64 GB vSphere Enterprise Plus Edition: vRAM entitlement of 96 GB These vRAM entitlements are per license of vSphere 5, and vSphere 5 continues to be licensed on a per-processor basis. http://www.vmware.com/products/vsphere/buy/editions_comparison.html
vSphere5.0授權介紹（3）
Essentials Kits（打包授權購買） The Essentials Kits are all-in-one solutions for small environments (up to three hosts with two CPUs each) available in two editions— Essentials and Essentials Plus. Both editions include VMware vSphere processor licenses and VMware vCenter Server for Essentials for an environment of up to three hosts (up to 2 CPUs each) and maximum pooled vRAM capacity of 192GB (32GB x 6 VMware vSphere Essentials CPU licenses). Essentials scalability limits are product enforced and cannot be extended other than by upgrading the whole kit to a higher-end bundle (see upgrades sections, below). VMware vSphere Essentials and Essentials Plus kits are self-contained solutions and may not be decoupled, or combined with other VMware vSphere editions.
VMware Horizon學習——搭建域控服務器
VMware Horizon云桌面搭建——配置VMware ESXi與vCenter
VMware Horizon搭建——DNS與DHCP服務器配置
云桌面搭建——模板虛擬機制作優化（基于VMware Horizon）
云桌面搭建——安裝Horizon View 8服務器
hello，各位小伙伴，經過前面這么長時間的鋪墊，我們終于到了最終章——發布win10云桌面。話不多說，我們直接干整。
打開Connection Server所在桌面上的“View Administrator控制臺”進行Horizon View設置，用戶名為域管理員guanliyuan（自己設定的域控管理員用戶），單擊“登錄”按鈕后，出現如圖所示界面。
選擇“清單”中的“設置”→“產品許可和使用情況”，單擊“編輯許可證”按鈕，輸入許可證序列號，進入操作界面，如圖。
選擇“設置”→“服務器”，在“vCenter Server”選項卡中單擊“添加”按鈕
輸入vCenter Server的IP地址、用戶名“administrator@vsphere.local”和密碼。
選擇查看證書。
點擊接受。
這里全部采用默認配置，點擊下一步。
完成。
在“設置”→“域”中單擊“添加”按鈕，輸入域名“test.com”、用戶名“guanliyuan”和密碼.
在 HorizonView 控制臺選擇“清單”→“桌面”，單擊“添加”按鈕。
選擇自動資源池。
這里選擇即時克隆。
選擇“專用”→“啟用自動分配”。
設置桌面池標識ID，此ID在vCenter Server中具有唯一性，不能與虛擬機系統文件名重名。
設定虛擬機名稱，命名規則為“計算機名稱+編號”，計算機的最小數量”和“備用（已打開電源）計算機數量”設置為“1”，即只部署1個虛擬桌面（這里是測試環境，所以我們只部署一個，如果在生產環境，或者服務器硬件資源允許，可酌情增加）。
選擇最佳配置映像“win10”。選擇虛擬機的快照為“vie”。
虛擬機文件夾位置選擇“Datacenter”
選擇集群“vsphere”
設置桌面池的資源池為“vsphere”
點擊下一步。
提交即可。
下面開始對用戶進行授權。勾選剛剛添加的桌面池“win10”，在授權窗口單擊“添加授權”按鈕。
在彈出的“查找用戶或組”窗口中選擇域“test.com”，單擊“查找”按鈕，選擇活動目錄中的group1用戶組，授權group1用戶組中的用戶使用此桌面池，等待一段時間，當虛擬桌面的狀態為“可用”時，虛擬桌面池的部署完成。
在ESXi主機的“配置”→“虛擬機”→“虛擬機啟動/關機”處，單擊“屬性”按鈕，選中“允許虛擬機與系統一起啟動和停止”，將虛擬機Windows 10設置為自動啟動，關機操作為“客戶機關機”。
至此，云桌面發布完成。
在瀏覽器中輸入控制服務器所在的ip，出現如圖所示界面。這里我們點擊使用web網頁訪問云桌面。
輸入用戶密碼（域控服務器group1組中的用戶）。
出現win10圖標，點擊打開。
等待一會后，成功進入操作界面。
至此，云桌面制作完成。
經過這段時間的學習，我們已經學會了Horizon View云桌面配置、制作、發布的全部流程，大家已經具備了完成搭建企業云桌面平臺的能力。感謝大家這段時間的陪伴，期待后續與大家在其他教程中的再次相遇。