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am ,is 一was

是（單數(shù)）

are 一were

是（復(fù)數(shù)）

do ,does 一did

做

have ,has 一had

有

come 一came

來(lái)

swim 一swam

游泳

take 一took

照／拿

hurt 一hurt

受傷

read 一read

讀

make 一made

制作

can 一could

可以

drink 一drank

喝

draw 一drew

畫(huà)畫(huà)

ride 一rode

騎

go 一went

去

sing 一sang

唱歌

see 一saw

看

write 一wrote

寫(xiě)

cut 一cut

剪

become 一became

變

leave 一left

離開(kāi)

fly一flew

飛

eat 一ate

吃

hit 一hit

擊

catch 一caught

抓

die 一died

死亡

run 一ran

跑

buy 一bought

買(mǎi)

feel一felt

感覺(jué)

driver 一drover

駕駛

get 一got

收到

win 一won

贏

sweep 一swept

掃

今天分享幾個(gè)與“心”有關(guān)的表達(dá)，以及它們背后的文化內(nèi)涵。

心，heart，總是和一些強(qiáng)烈炙熱的情緒聯(lián)系在一起，也許你看完也能記得格外清晰吧。

By heart

牢記，熟記

If you know something by heart, you’ve learned it so well you know it from memory, maybe even word for word.

如果你know something by heart，說(shuō)明你記憶深處對(duì)其非常熟悉，甚至一字一句都記得。

For example, in “Anne of Green Gables” the title character loves Tennyson’s poem “The Lady of Shalott” so much that she knows it by heart.

例如，在《綠屋的安妮》一書(shū)中，女主人公很喜歡詩(shī)人丁尼生的《夏洛特夫人》，所以把這首詩(shī)牢記在心里。

This term, which surfaced in English in the late 1300s, likely comes from the Old French phrase par coeur which literally translates to “by heart.”

這個(gè)表達(dá)十四世紀(jì)末出現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)中，可能來(lái)自古法語(yǔ)詞匯 par coeur，字面上翻譯的意思就是 “用心”。

To your heart’s content

盡情地，心滿(mǎn)意足地

If you do somethingto your heart’s content or desire, you do that thing until you are satisfied.

如果你盡情地做某事，就是把那件事做到你滿(mǎn)意為止。

Shakespeare was fond of this construction which dates from the early modern period of literature.

它出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)代文學(xué)早期，莎士比亞很喜歡這個(gè)表達(dá)。

When the phrase first entered English, “to your heart’s content” was sometimes used without “heart.” Things could be done “to your content” back in the 1600s, though that trend died out within 50 years.

這個(gè)詞匯剛開(kāi)始在英語(yǔ)中使用時(shí)，有時(shí)可以省去 “heart”一詞，十七世紀(jì)，人們可以用 “to your content” 表達(dá)同樣的意思，不過(guò)這種用法在五十年內(nèi)就消失了。

Eat your heart out

嫉妒去吧；悲傷至極

You might yell the slightly morbid phrase “Eat your heart out!” to someoneto induce jealousy.

你可能會(huì)對(duì)某人喊出這個(gè)有點(diǎn)變態(tài)的表達(dá)“Eat your heart out!（羨慕死你）”，來(lái)激起他的嫉妒心。

For example, a pop star preparing for a performance might look in the mirror, and liking what he sees, jauntily tip his head and shout “Eat your hearts out, fans!”

例如，一個(gè)正在準(zhǔn)備演出的明星，看著鏡子，非常滿(mǎn)意，得意地?fù)P起頭，喊出一句“跪舔吧，粉絲們！”

This phase can also refer towhen sorrow or longing dominates your emotions.

這個(gè)表達(dá)也可以指你的情感被悲傷和渴望占據(jù)。

For example, losing a race that you really, really wanted to win might cause you toeat your heart out, orwallow in grief.

例如，輸了一場(chǎng)你非常非常想贏的比賽，所以你特別傷心，沉湎于悲傷。

Have your heart in your mouth

心懸在嗓子眼上，極度緊張

Anothermacabre expression, have your heart in your mouth, refers to a heightened state of anxiety or fear.

這又是一個(gè)駭人的詞組，是的指一種極度焦慮和害怕的狀態(tài)。

There are many things that mightbring your heart all the way up to your mouth, figuratively speaking, including spiders, clowns, and deeply shadowed alleyways.

有很多事情可能把你的心提到嗓子眼上，當(dāng)然這是比喻說(shuō)法，比如，蜘蛛，小丑和幽深黑暗的小巷子。

In The Hitchhiker’s “Guide to the Galaxy”, Zaphod Beeblebrox owns a pair of sunglasses that darken to completely obscure the wearer’s vision whenheart-in-mouth inducing sightsappear.

在希區(qū)柯克的《銀河系漫游指南》里贊福德有一副太陽(yáng)鏡，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)讓人懸心的景象出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，它能夠完全遮擋佩戴者視線(xiàn)。

Cross your heart

發(fā)誓

If you verbally cross your heart, you do it to maintain the truth of what you just said.

如果你口頭上表示在胸前畫(huà)十字，是為了證明你說(shuō)的是話(huà)是事實(shí)。

You can take this one step further by adding “and hope to die” on to the end of your first utterance, as in “I didn’t eat the last cookie -cross my heart and hope to die.”

你也可以在后面加一句“不然不得好死”，例如“我沒(méi)有吃那最后一塊餅干，我發(fā)誓，我要是吃了不得好死。”

This expression, which has been used throughout the 20th century, derives from the religious practice of tracing a cross over the heart with a finger to signify a vow.

這個(gè)表達(dá)在二十世紀(jì)一直都很流行，它來(lái)源于宗教行為，用手指在心上劃十字來(lái)象征發(fā)誓。

Wear your heart on your sleeve

感情外露，說(shuō)出自己的感受

In Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago states: “I will wear my heart upon my sleeve / for daws to peck at.”

在莎士比亞的《奧賽羅》中，伊阿古說(shuō)道：“我會(huì)敞開(kāi)心扉，讓鳥(niǎo)兒隨意翻啄。”

But what exactly does this expression mean? The sense that Shakespeare evokes means to make your intimate feelings known to all, leaving yourself vulnerable to being emotionally hurt.

但是這個(gè)表達(dá)到底是什么意思呢？莎士比亞在這里想表達(dá)的意思是讓所有人都知道你最私密的感情，而你會(huì)變得十分脆弱，很容易受情傷。

The phrase can also refer to the tendency to fall in love easily.

這個(gè)表達(dá)也可以指人非常容易陷入愛(ài)河。

Break someone’s heart

傷某人的心

If you break someone’s heart, you cause them great disappointment or sorrow.

如果你break someone’s heart，你會(huì)導(dǎo)致他們陷入極大的失望或傷心。

This often occurs in the realm of love, though heartbreak is not exclusive to romantic endeavors.

雖然經(jīng)常用在愛(ài)情里，但是心碎也不是愛(ài)情獨(dú)有的。

This expression has been describing sorrow and disappointment since at least the 1530s, though the term heartbreak is 200 years old.

雖然這個(gè)表達(dá)從十六世紀(jì)三十年代開(kāi)始就用來(lái)表示悲傷失望，但是heartbreak這個(gè)詞已經(jīng)有200年歷史。

To have the heart

有意志、狠下心做某事

Do you have the necessary will to do something? Yes? Great! Then you have the heart to do it.

你有做一件事情必要的意志和決心嗎？有？太好了！那你就可以說(shuō)你have the heart to do it。

People have been having heart for a long time now, since the 1300s.

從十四世紀(jì)開(kāi)始，人們就開(kāi)始用這個(gè)表達(dá)了。

On the other end, if you lack the required courage or callousness to do something, you don’t have the heart to do it.

另一方面，如果你缺乏必要的勇氣和鐵石心腸來(lái)做一件事，那也就是說(shuō)，you don’t have the heart to do it（你狠不下心/不忍心這么做）。

Though this expression is more commonly used in the negative context, people still manage to somehow get things done. Perhaps they do this by taking heart, an expression meaning “to become encouraged”。

雖然這個(gè)表達(dá)更多用在否定意義的句子里，不過(guò)該做的事情還是做了。可能人們是拿出了勇氣來(lái)做事情，也就是 “taking heart”，即鼓起勇氣的意思。