華大學美術學院黨委書記、教授馬賽帶隊設計北京冬奧會火炬臺
直徑10米“大雪花”如何保證穩定?
2月4日,北京2022年冬奧會開幕式上,奧運之火在主火炬“大雪花”中心燃起。隨后,位于國家體育場(鳥巢)、北京延慶賽區及河北張家口賽區的火炬臺被依次點燃,持續燃燒至本屆冬奧會和冬殘奧會結束,并將成為三地的永久性雕塑。三個賽區的火炬臺均由清華大學美術學院黨委書記、教授馬賽帶隊設計。
一片片“小雪花”組成“大雪花”,橄欖枝周圍環繞著“銀絲帶”,二者非勻速雙向同心旋轉……作為此次冬奧會的亮點之一,別出心裁的火炬臺吸引眾人的目光。靈動飄逸的造型背后,是藝術與科技的融合。“不僅是一個美學上的藝術品,更接近一項多學科交叉的工程。”馬賽介紹,整個裝置的研制過程充分體現了藝術、設計、美學與機械結構的交叉融合。
造型
從“圓形薄片”到“雪花”
2020年11月末,接到冬奧會開閉幕式團隊的設計邀請,馬賽立即組織工業設計系、雕塑系的教師以及10多名博士生、碩士生成立了設計團隊。
馬賽表示,出于保密要求,張藝謀導演起初只簡單介紹了國際奧委會通過的主火炬的核心元素是直徑10米的圓形薄片,希望美院團隊能夠從設計的角度賦予該核心圖形更多的藝術美感,并在滿足功能、安全的前提下,實現核心圖形更多精妙、復雜的運動。
回來路上,馬賽和團隊成員反復討論,這個“圓形薄片”到底是啥?多次分析、討論之后,團隊猜想,“大概率是雪花”,后來的設計也都是圍繞雪花展開的。
馬賽發現,直徑10米的薄片在空中轉動,自身重量會讓其彎曲,并且只有一個支點落地,“就像跳芭蕾舞一樣,人體所有重量全部都落在腳尖上,腳尖上的受力是非常大的。”
此外,“圓形薄片”還要能夠三地抵御嚴寒、強風等,確保支撐強度和穩定性;支撐結構體量不能過粗過大,在造型上要與核心元素相得益彰……這些更為設計增加了難度。
結構
多個支撐點,保證穩定性
“涉及火炬臺不單單是藝術造型的問題,還有結構、燃氣功能、運動等多方面需要考慮,當體量超過一定的尺度,就演變為工程問題。”馬賽說。因此,美術學院團隊邀請了清華大學機械系、土木工程系教授團隊通力合作。在一次次討論后,綜合考慮風載、雪壓以及自重等因素,針對旋轉運動支撐結構提出將上下橄欖枝條中的葉子與枝條搭接,構成雙支撐結構。
“我們請土木工程系、機械系的老師來測試,考慮材料、重量、厚度等因素,用計算機來模擬測算,在不同風力下,火炬臺的受力情況。通過這些數據,我們又把點位進行了加強。”馬賽說。
為貼近冰雪語言,馬賽將支撐結構設計成為流動起伏的“銀絲帶”形態。“這是對冬奧會眾多賽事項目速度、激情、節奏、躍動等特征的抽象表達。”
在草擬多個模型后,馬賽從中篩選出5個并提交給導演組。2021年3月,團隊得知,其中一個最為“靠譜”的方案在激烈的競爭中勝出。
寓意
“雪花”將各國聯系在一起
大雪花由96片小雪花組成,每一片小雪花上,都鑲嵌著一個參賽國和地區的名稱。這個構想是張藝謀導演提出的,以此體現奧林匹克更快、更高、更強、更團結的精神。
小雪花如何排布?如何與橄欖枝連接?如何保證強度又能減小風阻?“雪花與雪花之間一定要有某種結構進行連接,而這個連接點如果特別顯眼又并不美觀。”馬賽介紹。
清華大學美術學院通過有限元分析以及拓撲優化等方式提出多個結構上較為合理的創意圖案,并針對這些圖案進行計算分析得出可能采用的材質、整個火炬的重量以及結構的合理分布。
最終,結合多項仿真模擬實驗數據,馬賽團隊建議,小雪花的形狀統一成六邊形,排布采取蜂窩狀的穩定結構。這樣一來,無需任何其他外部結構介入,小雪花之間就可以實現緊密連接。小雪花中間空出來的形狀正好也是一朵雪花的形狀。
“不但實現了藝術造型與工程結構的完美融合,還體現了各個國家緊密聯系在一起的寓意。”馬賽說。
選材
不銹鋼材質“晶瑩剔透”
“大雪花”“銀絲帶”只是大家能夠看到的地面部分。地面之下,既有實現橄欖枝大雪花和“銀絲帶”同心雙向旋轉的機械傳動系統,也有一直延伸到火炬臺底盤下方的氫氣管線,保證火炬能夠持續燃燒。
在材料選用上,考慮到大眾對冬奧冰雪的感知體驗以及主火炬塔將在三地永久保留等多方面的因素,最終選擇了不銹鋼材質,并運用8K拋光工藝。“不銹鋼材料在強度、抗風雨腐蝕方面比較有優勢,同時可以做出我們想要的冰雪那種晶瑩剔透的感覺。”馬賽說。
2008年的北京奧運會,馬賽作為青年教師參與了開閉幕式的設計,和團隊一起完成了“缶”“龍柱”等演出道具的設計。
時隔14年,馬賽帶領美術學院設計團隊與清華大學機械系、土木工程系教授團隊通力合作,完成了北京冬奧會場外火炬臺設計。“與2008年相比,北京冬奧會同樣呈現了中國傳統元素,但更強調對冰雪運動本身的詮釋,體現科技簡約、綠色環保。這次的心態上相對放松,對奧運精神的領悟也更加深入,更為純粹。”馬賽坦言。(記者 馮琪)
來源:新京報
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業主
OKO
CLIENT
Group
功能
居住
FUNCTION
Residential
數據
高度178米
建筑面積38424平方米
FACT
Height 178m
Building Area 38,424sm
“仰望Una,它有一種閃爍的質感,動感十足 — 具有一種運動和流動的感覺。” AS+GG建筑事務所
“When you look up at Una, it has a shimmering quality. It is very dynamic — it has a sense of movement and fluidity.” AS+GG Architecture
介紹
Introduction
Una是位于美國佛羅里達州邁阿密市的一棟全新的47層豪華濱水住宅塔樓,享有比斯坎灣和邁阿密城市天際線一覽無余的美景。它將是Brickell濱水私人住宅區近十多年來開發的第一個新的銷售公寓項目。
Una, a new 47-story luxury waterside residential tower located in Miami, Florida, with unobstructed views of the Biscayne Bay, and the Miami skyline, is the first new condominium development in this private residential area at Brickell Waterfront in over a decade.
標志性塔樓的光滑閃亮的金屬表皮和醒目的輪廓令人聯想起水波的自然形態。
The iconic tower evokes the natural character of a wave through its smooth, light metallic surface and striking profile.
視頻 Credit: OKO Group
塔樓將重塑Brickell南區,這一1970年代邁阿密現代高層住宅建筑的發源地。位于東南25大街175號,項目位置距離市區的Brickell大街僅幾步之遙,為住戶們提供了在鬧市區中難得的直接毗鄰比斯坎灣的位置。
This new building will help reinvent South Brickell, the 1970s birthplace of modern high-rise living in Miami. Located at 175 SE 25th Road, just steps away from Downtown Miami’s Brickell Avenue, the site provides a rare location directly on Biscayne Bay, in one of the city’s most dynamic urban districts.
場地分析 Site Analysis
建筑
Architecture
AS+GG意在創造一座為Brickell的現代生活設立標桿的高品質住宅塔樓。AS+GG將性能化設計方法注入項目,充分考慮氣候和環境背景,利用海濱地帶的得天獨厚的優勢:視野開闊、陽光普照,通過設計充分反映邁阿密室內外融合,優雅而活潑的生活方式。
AS+GG’s design intent was to develop a high-quality residential tower that would set the modern standard of living in Brickell. AS+GG infuses the project with its performance-based design approach, which considers the climate and environmental context. The design takes full advantage of this rare waterfront site and leverages the features that bring people to Miami, namely expansive views, access to sun, and elegant, yet playful, indoor-outdoor lifestyle of Miami, that the residences were envisioned to fully reflect.
UNA住宅全景 Overall View
“Una微妙的波動表面和鮮明的輪廓,傲然佇立在水邊。我們從經典的游艇設計中用到的優雅形狀和富麗的材料中汲取了靈感,尤其是在意大利制造的游艇 -- Riva上能看到的精美漆木,外露材料以及不銹鋼節點。經過細致制作和精心設計,它優雅而輕松。希望與環境建立良好的聯系,融入邁阿密的美景以及這座城市聞名的美妙生活方式。” - Adrian Smith,美國建筑師協會院士,AS+GG設計合伙人
“Una’s subtly undulating surface and strong silhouette stand proud at the water’s edge. We drew inspiration from the elegant shape and opulent materials used in classic yacht design, particularly the beautifully lacquered wood, exposed materials, and stainless-steel connections found on the Italian-made yacht, the Riva. Carefully crafted and detailed and meticulously designed, it is elegant and relaxing. Its primary goal is to relate well and add to the beauty of Miami and the wonderful lifestyle this City is so well known for.” said Adrian Smith, FAIA, Design Partner, AS+GG
Una如一道奇觀,引人注目的雕琢過的立面呈現出清晰的現代線條和綢帶般的曲線。有機流動的形式與邁阿密的流水和氣候產生呼應。寬敞的露臺流暢地環繞著建筑。
Una will be a marvel standing with a striking sculptured facade featuring clear modern lines and ribbon-like curves. Its fluid, organic form speaks to the water, and to Miami’s climate, with large flowing terraces that wrap around the building.
概念草圖 Sketch
游艇、濱水和塔樓
Yacht、Ocean & Tower
濱水景象
Waterfront View
Una近看與遠眺一樣呈現了戲劇性。經過車道,流動的大弧線雨篷覆蓋落客庭院,門廊的光滑線條延伸到室內雙層通高、寬敞而開放的大堂。建筑現代的曲線和優美的景觀花園相得益彰。
Una is just as dramatic up close as it is from afar. Approached by a driveway that arrives at the sweeping arc of a canopy, the smooth lines of the porte cochère continue inside, into the grand, double-height, open lobby. The modern curves are complemented by the richly landscaped gardens.
落客庭院 Arrival Court
首層平面與入口透視 (左滑看全圖)
Ground Floor Plan & Entrance View
(slide to the left to see full image)
塔樓獨特的懸挑使面對海濱向各個方向的視野最大化。塔樓形式體現一種對立式的平衡,一側承托著全部重量,另一側舒展松弛。這種設計態度休閑卻優雅,舒適卻精致。
The tower’s unique cantilever maximizes views in every direction from the waterfront. The tower stands contrapposto, with one side holding its full weight and the other relaxed. This design attitude is casual but also elegant; both comfortable and sophisticated.
有機形式與對立平衡
Organic Fluid & Contrapposto
設計從性能化出發:把塔樓低區體量轉移到塔樓高區最大化價值,并創造額外的地面落客空間;雙楔狀的平面根據視線需求提供更好的水景視野;流線的建筑和寬敞的露臺有機結合,倡導室外生活空間,帶來優化的建筑風動力性能和室外遮陽。
The performance-based design shifts the program from down to up to maximize the value and create additional ground floor space for drop-off. The double-wedged plan is shaped to provide better access to water views. The fluid building and expansive balconies are integrated to promote the outdoor living space with better wind performance and exterior shading benefit.
設計概念 Design Concept
草圖視線分析 View Diagram Sketch
一體化露臺 Integrated Balcony
優雅的露臺曲線
Elegant Terraces Curves
寬敞的室外露臺成為重要的生活空間:3米深度、輕松開啟的落地門,以及玻璃露臺欄桿,營造出室內外無縫銜接的生活方式。充分利用海濱位置,欣賞海灣和城市天際線美景:向東可遠看180度一覽無遺的比斯坎灣,向北望向邁阿密市區,向南可觀賞椰林,并可向西俯瞰科勒爾蓋布爾斯(南佛羅里達最古老的城市之一)的美景。
The expansive terraces become important outdoor living space, with 10-foot depth, featuring effortless “lift-and-glide” floor-to-ceiling doors and glass balcony railings that create a seamless indoor-outdoor lifestyle, taking full advantage of the rare waterfront site, to offer 180-degree sweeping vistas of Key Biscayne to the east, downtown Miami to the North, Coconut Grove to the South, and views of Coral Gables and beyond westward.
寬敞露臺與海景
Expansive Terraces & Sweeping Vista
濱水露臺
Waterfront Deck
配套設施露臺
Amenity Deck
塔樓北側懸挑展開,俯視下方的休閑設施。通過將休閑設施設置于裙房,塔樓周圍地面空間得以解放,為公眾開辟了通向海濱的通道。空間設計更具有開放性,建筑的景觀和周邊公園的景觀融為一體。Una的私人海濱花園,由屢獲殊榮的景觀建筑公司Enzo Enea設計,以進一步改善城市公園的環境。
A sweeping cantilever at the north end of the tower overlooks the amenity spaces on the podium. By placing the amenities on the podium levels, the grounds around the tower are liberated, opening the space for public access to the waterfront. The public access points allow the design a more inviting opening sequence so that the landscaping of the building flows into the landscaping of the park. Una also features a private bayside garden by the award-winning landscape architectural firm Enzo Enea will further enhance the urban park setting.
碼頭和海濱公園
Marina & Waterfront Park
濱水露臺
Waterfront Deck
Una住宅的開放式布局,寬大的露臺和私密性入口,都以現代高端生活的特別需求定制。含138套精致打造的,二到五居室不等的全海景住戶。每戶均設有獨立的入戶私人電梯、3.25米的凈高、配有嘉格納(Gaggenau)電器的廚師級廚房、帶有男女獨立衛生間和衣櫥的主人套房,以及含全尺寸洗衣機和干衣機的洗衣房。從電梯走出進入家里那一刻開始,震撼的景色立刻映入眼簾。起居室和臥房濱水布置,視野無遮擋,連接寬敞的露臺。
With open layout, expansive terraces and private access, Una is tailored to the specific needs of today’s luxury living. It will consist of 138 elegantly crafted residences, all with sea views, ranging from two to five bedrooms. Each residence features a private elevator entry, 10’8” ceiling heights, a chef’s kitchens with Gaggenau appliances, master suites with separate his and hers closets and bathrooms, utility rooms with full-sized washers and dryers. From the moment the elevator opens into their homes, residents are met with stunning views. The living areas and bedrooms are set along the waterfront, allowing for unobstructed vistas and access to outdoor terraces.
低區標準平面 Lower Tier Typical Plan
高區標準平面 Higher Tier Typical Plan
戶型放大圖 Enlarged Plans
住戶室內
Residential Interior View
提升住戶的居住體驗的標志性元素還包括私人游艇碼頭、三個游泳池、帶瑜伽室和個人訓練區的先進健身中心,以及帶室內和室外私人按摩治療室的水療中心,可俯瞰海灣。
Among the other signature elements that enhance the user experience of being an owner are a private marina for bayside excursions, three pools, a state-of-the-art fitness center with yoga and personal training areas, and a spa featuring indoor and outdoor private massage treatment rooms overlooking the bay.
配套設施 3層平面
Amenity L3 Plan (slide to the left to see full image)
配套設施 4層平面
Amenity L4 Plan (slide to the left to see full image)
泳池 Pools
影院 Cinema
“秉承我們的理念,即形式服從功能,我們看到了Una的獨特機會,我們在建筑設計中表達了些許態度。(建筑)所有這些流動性都與場地的特性保持一致。這些又融入了室內的設計當中。有些事物歷久彌新,有些事物的品質永遠不會褪色,而這就是我們所追求的。” - Gordon Gill,美國建筑師協會院士,AS+GG設計合伙人
“Adhering to our philosophy that form follows performance, we saw the unique opportunity with Una to give the building a little bit of attitude in its design. All of that movement is consistent with the idea of its site, and then that found its way into the interior. There are things last forever. there are things that the quality never fades. And that is what we are looking for.“ said Gordon Gill, FAIA, Design Partner, AS+GG
室內
Interior
AS+GG 領銜室內設計工作,以確保建筑室內外美學無縫銜接,建筑理念從外到內的延續。室內設計延續了來自精心制作的木制運動船麗娃游艇的靈感。皮革,木材和石材等天然材料具有溫暖的色彩,與不銹鋼的冷色調形成鮮明對比。這樣的顏色搭配產生永恒的經典情調。6.1米高的大堂以木材和精巧的細節雕琢,透過落地大窗,壯觀的濱水風景轉角即見。住戶內寬大的落地窗后配置著溫暖的室內材料,為房間增添典雅和溫馨的氣息的同時,洋溢著海濱生活的快樂。
AS+GG leads the interior design efforts for the tower, ensuring a seamless exterior and interior aesthetic to create continuity and maintain the philosophy of the building inside and out. The interior design continues the inspiration by the Riva yacht, highly crafted wooden sport boats. Natural materials like leather, wood, and stone feature in warm colors, contrasting with the cool tones of stainless steel. The palette generates a timeless, classic mood. The 20-foot-high lobby is permeated with wood and precious detailing while large windows frames the striking views of the bay at every turn. Within the residences, the expanse of windows is set against the warmth of natural interior materials bringing a sense of elegance and comfort to the rooms, while celebrating the pleasures of life on the bay.
首層大堂 Ground Lobby
住戶衣帽間 Cloakroom
住戶空間 Residential Space
休息室 Lounge
“耐用,高質量的材料具有內在的可持續性。我們精心為Una選擇的材料,隨著時間的推移仍能持續保持良好,突顯建筑設計的特征。” - Robert Forest,美國建筑師協會院士,AS+GG合伙人
“Durable, high-quality materials are inherently sustainable.” said Robert Forest, FAIA, Partner, AS+GG “We were meticulous in choosing materials for Una that perform well over time and that emphasize the design character of the building.”
“以最高的水平,項目開發使用建筑語言來體現時代精神、城市精神以及特定城市環境的美學。” - Vladislav Doronin,CEO和主席,OKO GROUP
“At its best, property development uses the language of architecture to embody the spirit of the times, the spirit of the city, and the aesthetics of a given urban environment.” said Vladislav Doronin, CEO and Chairman of OKO GROUP
Una項目于2020年破土動工,目前處于地下室施工階段,預計于2021年底開始地上建筑施工并于2023年完工。
Una project broke ground in 2020, currently undergoing basement construction. It will begin above-ground construction in late 2021 and aim for 2023 completion.
施工場地照片 Construction Site Photo (11/12/2020)
圖片 Credit:OKO Group
除非另有標注,全部圖像屬于
Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill建筑設計事務所
All images by Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture
unless otherwise noted
資料來源、版權所有:Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill建筑設計事務所